全文获取类型
收费全文 | 45412篇 |
免费 | 7282篇 |
国内免费 | 5510篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 32830篇 |
晶体学 | 495篇 |
力学 | 2717篇 |
综合类 | 391篇 |
数学 | 5418篇 |
物理学 | 16353篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 28篇 |
2023年 | 840篇 |
2022年 | 881篇 |
2021年 | 1430篇 |
2020年 | 1732篇 |
2019年 | 1636篇 |
2018年 | 1409篇 |
2017年 | 1276篇 |
2016年 | 2071篇 |
2015年 | 2027篇 |
2014年 | 2551篇 |
2013年 | 3211篇 |
2012年 | 3989篇 |
2011年 | 4110篇 |
2010年 | 2889篇 |
2009年 | 2761篇 |
2008年 | 3033篇 |
2007年 | 2672篇 |
2006年 | 2498篇 |
2005年 | 2070篇 |
2004年 | 1792篇 |
2003年 | 1379篇 |
2002年 | 1439篇 |
2001年 | 1167篇 |
2000年 | 1048篇 |
1999年 | 1036篇 |
1998年 | 843篇 |
1997年 | 728篇 |
1996年 | 792篇 |
1995年 | 682篇 |
1994年 | 625篇 |
1993年 | 547篇 |
1992年 | 489篇 |
1991年 | 404篇 |
1990年 | 347篇 |
1989年 | 253篇 |
1988年 | 237篇 |
1987年 | 213篇 |
1986年 | 150篇 |
1985年 | 168篇 |
1984年 | 143篇 |
1983年 | 124篇 |
1982年 | 82篇 |
1981年 | 67篇 |
1980年 | 52篇 |
1979年 | 41篇 |
1978年 | 32篇 |
1976年 | 28篇 |
1975年 | 32篇 |
1974年 | 26篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
951.
The preparation of a disaccharide 2, Neu5Ac-alpha-(2-->5)Neu5Gc having a alpha-benzyl protecting group at the reducing end, by the coupling of the easily accessible building units 4 and 5 is described. Subsequent deprotection of the coupling adduct led to the isolation of the target compound 2 in high yield. 相似文献
952.
Hoong‐Kun Fun Qingli Hao Jiang Wu Xujie Yang Lude Lu Xin Wang Suchada Chantrapromma Ibrahim Abdul Razak Anwar Usman 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2002,58(2):m87-m88
In the structure of the title compound, [CuII(en)2][(EtO)2P(S)S]2 (en is ethylenediamine) or [Cu(C2H8N2)2](C4H10O2PS2)2, the Cu atom lies on a center of inversion and is coordinated in a slightly distorted square coordination geometry by four N atoms from two ethylenediamine molecules. The diethyl dithiophosphate moieties, (EtO)2P(S)S?, act as counter‐anions. 相似文献
953.
Capillary gel electrophoresis for DNA sequencing. Laser-induced fluorescence detection with the sheath flow cuvette 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Capillary polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separation of dideoxycytidine chain-terminated DNA fragments is reported. A post-column laser-induced fluorescence detector based on the sheath flow cuvette was used to minimize background signals due to light scatter from the gel and capillary. A preliminary mass detection limit of 10(-20) mol of fluorescein-labeled DNA fragments was obtained. The system was used to analyze an actual DNA sequencing sample. Theoretical plate counts of 2 x 10(6) were produced. Gel stability limits the performance of the current system. 相似文献
954.
Determination of phosphonoformic acid in human plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M K Hassanzadeh F T Aweeka S Wu M A Jacobson J G Gambertoglio 《Journal of chromatography. A》1990,525(1):133-140
Trisodium phosphonoformate (foscarnet) is used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus infections in immunocompromised patients, such as bone marrow and renal transplant recipients, as well as patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic assay is described using an electrochemical detector. The method is accurate, precise and reproducible. Hydrochlorothiazide is used as the internal standard. This assay allows measurement of foscarnet in biological fluids at concentrations as low as 33 microM. This method is being used for the analysis of samples in clinical trials and is important in the evaluation of the pharmacokinetic disposition of the drug. 相似文献
955.
A practical speciation method for a solid mixture of nickel species applicable to atmospheric monitoring of Ni0, Ni2+ and NiOx is reported. This involves magnetic extraction of Ni0 to separate it from the water-soluble nickel salts and the insoluble oxides, followed by adsorptive stripping voltammetry to quantify the nickel in each fraction. The separation scheme was validated by using calibration standards and by simulating air-filter samples prepared with authentic nickel products. The recoveries of nickel were Ni0 94–105% and total nickel 95–102%. 相似文献
956.
Xiao Yan Wu Sanna JÄÄskelÄinen Wu-Yen Linko 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1996,59(2):145-158
A commercialRhizomucor miehei lipase was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation. Phenyl Sepharose 6 Fast Row hydrophobic interaction chromatography,
and DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow anion-exchange chromatography. The recovery of lipase activity was 32% with a 42-fold purification.
The molecular size of the purified enzyme was 31,600 Dalton and the pI 3.8. The enzyme was stable for at least 24 h within
a pH range of 7.0-10.0, and 96.8% of the enzyme activity remained when kept at 30‡C for 24 h. Further, about 10–30% of the
lipase activity was inhibited by K+, Li+, Ni+, Co2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Sn2+, Cu2+, Ba2+, Ca2+, and Fe2+ ions and by SDS, but EDTA had no effect. Under the experimental conditions, the optimum temperature for the hydrolysis of
olive oil was 50‡C (pH 8.0), and for the synthesis of 1-butyl oleate, 37‡C. It was concluded that hydrolytic activity of lipase
alone is not a sufficient criterion for its synthetic potential. The optimal molar ratio of oleic acid and 1-butanol was 2:1
for 1-butyl oleate synthesis. The 1-butyl oleate yield was unaffected by purification of the enzyme after 12 h. 相似文献
957.
Wei Wang Rongliang Wang Fan Wu Boshun Wan 《Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters》2005,85(2):277-282
Summary A Ni-promoted ligand free palladium catalyst system for Suzuki coupling of aryl bromides has been developed in high efficiency under mild reaction conditions. It was obtained in situ by introducing NiCl2 to PdCl2/PVP using a parallel high-throughput screening technique. A wide range of aryl bromides bearing a variety of functional groups was evaluated. 相似文献
958.
Peifeng Su Fuming Ying Wei Wu Prof. Philippe C. Hiberty Prof. Sason Shaik Prof. 《Chemphyschem》2007,8(18):2603-2614
The recently developed (L. Song, W. Wu, Q. Zhang, S. Shaik, J. Phys. Chem. A 2004 , 108, 6017–6024) valence bond method coupled to a polarized continuum model (VBPCM) is applied to the Menshutkin reaction, NH3+CH3Cl→CH3NH3++Cl?, in the gas phase and in aqueous solution. The computed barriers and reaction energies at the level of the breathing orbital VB method (P. C. Hiberty, J. P. Flament, E. Noizet, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1992 , 189, 259), BOVB and VBPCM//BOVB, are comparable to CCSD(T) and CCSD(T)//PCM results and to experimental values in solution. The gas‐phase reaction is endothermic and leads to an ion‐pair complex via a late transition state. By contrast, the reaction in the aqueous phase is exothermic and leads to separate solvated ions as reaction products, via an early transition state. The VB calculations provide also the reactivity parameters needed to apply the valence bond state correlation diagram method, VBSCD (S. Shaik, A. Shurki, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999 , 38, 586). It is shown that the reactivity parameters along with their semiempirical derivations provide together a satisfactory qualitative and quantitative account of the barriers. 相似文献
959.
The adsorption behavior of p-hydroxybenzoic acid on a silver-coated filter paper by surface enhanced Raman scattering 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
On dried filter paper coated with silver nanoparticles, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) were studied, and high-quality SERS spectra were obtained, indicating that the silver-coated filter paper is a highly SERS-active substrate. The analysis showed that the adsorption behavior of PHBA molecules on silver nanoparticles coated on filter paper was different from that in silver aqueous colloids. On the filter paper, it was found that the SERS spectra of PHBA changed with the proportion of PHBA molecules and silver nanoparticles, indicating that the adsorption behavior of PHBA molecules changed with the proportion. The probable reasons are given. 相似文献
960.
以99.995% Ce(NO3)3和强碱性阴离子交换树脂为原料,采用离子交换-双氧水氧化法合成制备出纳米CeO2晶体。并就离子交换反应中的Ce3+浓度、树脂加入速度和离子交换温度及H2O2加入速度等条件对CeO2粒径的影响进行了探讨,得出了离子交换-双氧水氧化法制备纳米CeO2晶体的最佳工艺条件。FTIR、TEM分析表明,离子交换法无需对合成的Ce(OH)3溶胶进行洗涤即可去除NO3-、CO32-等阴离子杂质,并用H2O2将该溶胶氧化,经真空干燥可制得粒径分布均匀,平均晶粒尺寸约3 nm,高纯度的CeO2粉体。 相似文献